What Is a Period?

The menstrual cycle is a natural and essential part of the reproductive system in individuals with female anatomy. It involves a series of physiological changes that prepare the body for a possible pregnancy. Understanding how the menstrual cycle works can help you better manage your health and well-being.

What Is a Period?

A period, or menstruation, is the regular shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium) through the vagina. This process typically happens monthly and lasts from three to seven days. It’s a natural part of the menstrual cycle and a key indicator of reproductive health.

The Menstrual Cycle: Four Phases

The menstrual cycle is divided into four main phases: the menstrual phase, the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase. Each plays a unique role in preparing the body for pregnancy.

Menstrual Phase

Duration: About 3 to 7 days
What Happens: The uterine lining is shed, resulting in menstrual bleeding.
Symptoms: Cramps, bloating, fatigue, mood swings.

Follicular Phase

Duration: From the first day of menstruation to ovulation (about 14 days)
What Happens: The pituitary gland releases FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), encouraging follicles in the ovaries to grow. The uterine lining also starts to thicken.
Symptoms: Increased energy, improved mood.

Ovulation

Duration: A brief event around the midpoint of the cycle (around day 14)
What Happens: A surge in LH (luteinizing hormone) causes the release of a mature egg. This is the most fertile phase.
Symptoms: Mild cramping, increased libido, changes in cervical mucus.

Luteal Phase

Duration: From ovulation to the start of the next period (about 14 days)
What Happens: The empty follicle becomes the corpus luteum and produces progesterone to maintain the uterine lining. If no fertilization occurs, hormone levels drop, triggering menstruation.
Symptoms: PMS—bloating, breast tenderness, mood changes, irritability.

Common Period Symptoms

While everyone’s cycle is different, some symptoms are commonly experienced:

• Cramps: Caused by uterine contractions.

• Bloating: Linked to fluid retention.

• Mood Swings: Influenced by hormone fluctuations.

• Breast Tenderness: Soreness due to hormonal changes.

• Fatigue: Lower energy levels.

• Headaches: Often tied to estrogen fluctuations.
  

Managing Period Symptoms

You can take steps to improve your comfort during menstruation, including:

• Pain Relief: Over-the-counter options like ibuprofen or acetaminophen.

• Heat Therapy: Heating pads help soothe cramps.

• Hydration: Reduces bloating and helps with fatigue.

• Balanced Diet: Whole foods and nutrient-dense meals can improve overall wellness.

• Movement: Light exercise like stretching or walking may reduce discomfort and lift your mood.
  

Your Health Matters

It’s important to stay in tune with your body and track your symptoms, but also to check in regularly with your healthcare provider. They can help you understand what’s typical for your body and offer medical insight when something feels off.

How Lunakit Can Help

Lunakit is here to support you through every phase of your cycle. Our personalized care packages are thoughtfully curated to meet your needs—whether you’re soothing cramps, managing bloating, or looking for everyday comfort. We tailor each Lunakit to the best of our ability to reflect your individual experience. Because your cycle deserves more than a routine—it deserves care that’s made for you.

Your cycle, our care.